It depends on how you set them up. There are a few options:
On a schedule:
Automatic transfers start on the next day or date you have selected. For example, if you set up automatic transfers on Wednesday, January 1st for every Wednesday, they will start on the following Wednesday, January 8th.
On a daily basis:
Automatic transfers start the next day.
By deposit:
Automatic transfers begin one business day after a qualifying deposit is posted to your checking account. Qualifying deposits include direct deposits, ACH deposits, and cash or check deposits made at Chase ATMs, branches, and through the Chase Mobile® app using Chase QuickDeposit℠. Internal transfers to your checking account are not qualifying deposits.
The cut-off time for online transfers between Chase accounts is 11:00 PM ET. For example, if it is after 23:00 and you schedule a transfer for the next day, it will not start until the next scheduled transfer date.