National Security Memorandum/NSM-16 Secretary of State Secretary of Defense Attorney General Secretary of the Interior Secretary of Agriculture Secretary of Commerce Secretary of Labor Secretary of Health and Human Services Secretary of Homeland Security Administrator Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Director of the Office of Management and Budget Director of National Intelligence Director of the Office of Science and Technology Assistant to the President for Economic Policy and Director of the National Economic Council Assistant to the President for the Interior POLICY AND DIRECTOR OF DOMESTIC POLICY COU NCIL Food and Agricultural Security and Resilience of the United States strengthen
The food and agriculture sector is vast, interconnected, diverse and complex. Designated as critical infrastructure and primarily owned and operated by private and non-Federal sector entities, food and agricultural systems and supply chains are vulnerable to disruption and damage from domestic and global threats. Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) threats that can lead to high-consequence and catastrophic events affecting the food and agriculture sector include, but are not limited to: hazardous contaminants such as toxic agents with includes toxic industrial compounds and materials, toxins, and chemical agents and precursors; natural or genetic pests and pathogens of livestock, poultry, fish, shellfish, wildlife, plants and insects; and the physical effects of nuclear detonation or radioactive material dispersal. Other threats that could lead to high-consequence and catastrophic events include pandemics affecting critical infrastructure and the sector’s essential workforce, the consequences of climate change, and threats in the cyber domain, such as disruption of systems as a result of increasing information and operational technology. convergence and theft of intellectual property. The changing threat environment requires the sector and its essential workforce to better prepare for and respond to events that have a broad impact on our national and economic security. Part 1. Policy. It is the policy of the United States to ensure that our Nation’s food and agriculture sector is secure and resilient in response to the possibility of an incident high impact and catastrophic. To achieve this, the Federal Government will identify and assess threats, vulnerabilities and impacts from these high-consequence and catastrophic events — including but not limited to those posed by CBRN threats, climate change and cyber security present — and will prioritize resources to prevent, protect against, mitigate, respond to and recover from the most pressing threats and hazards. Sec. 2. Coordination. The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (APNSA) or the APNSA’s designee will coordinate the executive branch activities necessary to implement this memorandum through the interagency process identified in the National Security Memorandum of February 2, 4, 2021 (Council System National Security Update) , or any successor document. The actions taken to implement this memorandum will be consistent with Presidential Policy Directive of March 8, 30, 2011 (National Preparedness), Presidential Policy Directive 21 (PPD-21) of February 12, 2013 (Security and Resilience of Critical Infrastructure), Presidential Policy Directive 41 of July 26, 2016 (Coordinated United States Cyber Incidents), and the National Preparedness Goal. The APNSA or the APNSA’s designee shall, within one year of the date of this memorandum and on a biennial basis thereafter, submit a report to the President summarizing the progress of the implementation of this memorandum, identifying gaps in capabilities, and recommending how to address them. gaps. Sec. 3. Federal Risk Mitigation Strategy. (a) Within 60 days of the date of this memorandum and annually thereafter, or more frequently as in if necessary, the Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security, in cooperation with the Secretary of Defense and the heads of other relevant agencies, shall provide for the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the heads of other relevant agencies threat assessment of potential actors and threats, delivery systems, and methods that could be directed against or affect food and agriculture. sectoral. (b) Within 180 days from the date of this memorandum, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the heads of other relevant agencies shall. assess the vulnerabilities of the food and agriculture sector to the threats identified in subsection (a) of this section, in consultation with the private sector and Federal, State, local, Tribal and territorial (SLTT) partners, as appropriate. These vulnerability assessments will be updated when:
(i) there are emerging, credible and actionable threats or events that require reassessment;
(ii) agencies determine that it is appropriate to do so, such as when significant changes have been made to food production or processing steps that are specific to an assessment; or
(iii) required by statute.
(c) Within one year from the date of this memorandum, the Secretary of Homeland Security, in cooperation with the Attorney General, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the heads of other relevant agencies, will conduct a comprehensive risk assessment for the sector food and agriculture that is:
(i) informed by the threat and vulnerability assessments required by subsections (a) and (b) of this section;
(ii) data-driven, sector-specific, and based on interagency coordination;
(iii) including CBRN and cyber threats, and in later iterations other threats that could lead to high-consequence and catastrophic events such as energy disruptions, pandemics affecting critical infrastructure and the sector’s essential workforce food and agriculture, catastrophic weather events, and consequences. climate change;
(iv) according to the highest risks for the food and agriculture sector; and
(v) be reviewed and updated on an annual basis.
(d) Within 180 days after the completion of the risk assessment required by subsection (c) of this section, the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in cooperation with the heads of the appropriate agencies, shall submit a submit to the President. , through the APNSA or the APNSA designer, a strategy and action plan which will:
(i) leverage results from the risk assessment, together with information about security and resilience capabilities, costs and benefits;
(ii) include a risk mitigation analysis:
(A) there are high-level actions to mitigate threats that could lead to high-consequence and catastrophic events, and a proposed timeline for their completion;
(B) identifies strategies, capabilities, and areas of research and development (R&D) that prioritize the mitigation of the greatest risks, as identified in subsection (c) of this section; and
(c) identifies approaches to determine the effectiveness of the national risk reduction measures taken; (iii) include a communications plan for sharing information with SLTT and private sector partners and the general public, as appropriate; and
(iii) include a communication plan for sharing information with SLTT and private sector partners and
(iv) be reviewed, and revised, if necessary, on a biennial basis.
Sec. 4. Interim Risk Review. (a) To ensure that risk to the food and agriculture sector is appropriately managed in the development of the Federal Risk Mitigation Strategy, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the Secretary of Homeland Security, in cooperation with members of the Irish League. other relevant agencies, shall, within 120 days from the date of this memorandum, submit to the APNSA or the APNSA’s nominee an interim review of critical risks and emerging risks to the food and agriculture sector. The review will:
(i) leverage existing information and ongoing work to identify risks to the food and agriculture sector from all hazards;
(ii) identify activities underway to mitigate those risks categorized as high-consequence and catastrophic risks;
(iii) identify and initiate steps for improved coordination and integration across the wider preparedness and response community to enhance the Nation’s ability to prevent and respond to threats against the food and agriculture sector; and
(iv) guide the ongoing development of the Federal Risk Mitigation Strategy, as appropriate.
Sec. 5. Roles and Responsibilities. (a) The Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall fulfill their responsibilities to protect and prepare the food and agriculture sector for threats that may result in high-consequence and catastrophic events, cooperate with partners in the private industry, and they will coordinate with Federal Entities and SLTT and academia. As outlined in PPD-21, the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health and Human Services are the Joint Sector Risk Management Agencies (SRMAs) for the food and agriculture sector.
(b) The Secretary of Homeland Security shall provide strategic direction, promote unity of national effort, and, in cooperation with the Attorney General, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the heads of other relevant agencies, integrate the efforts of the food and agriculture sector into the overall effort to advance the security and resiliency of the Nation’s critical infrastructure, consistent with the responsibilities of the Secretary of Homeland Security under PPD-21.
(c) The Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the heads of other relevant agencies shall, in accordance with statutory authority, provide domestic and global support for the security and resilience of the sector strengthening food and agriculture and other critical infrastructure sectors, in line with PPD-21.
(d) Within 180 days after the completion of the risk assessment required by subsection (c) of this section, the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in cooperation with the heads of the appropriate agencies, shall submit a submit to the President. , through the APNSA or the APNSA designer, a strategy and action plan which will:
(i) leverage results from the risk assessment, together with information about security and resilience capabilities, costs and benefits;
(ii) communication protocols, processes and procedures for sharing information on credible threats with relevant or affected SRMAs, Federal and SLTT authorities, and private sector partners.
(e) The Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the Secretary of Homeland Security, in conjunction with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General. , and those of other relevant agencies, where appropriate, shall develop, maintain, assess, improve and encourage the following:
(i) domestic and global risk-aware surveillance and monitoring systems that provide early detection, awareness and warning of CBRN, cyber security and other threats that could lead to high-consequence and catastrophic events;
(ii) systems that track animals, plants, food and other specific commodities to support timely decisions; and
(iii) national laboratory coordination networks for food, animal health and plant health; an environmental response that integrates Federal, SLTT, academic, and, as appropriate, laboratory resources toward an adequate surge capacity; standardized diagnostic and reporting protocols, procedures and mechanisms; and timely sharing of information and analysis.
(f) The Secretary of Agriculture, in conjunction with the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the heads of other relevant agencies, will collaborate with SLTT, academia, and private sector partners to maintain and improve the following:
(i) National Veterinary Stockpile (NVS) containing sufficient quantities of veterinary countermeasures, including vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics, many of which could be deployed within 24 hours to begin an outbreak response of high-impact or catastrophic animal diseases affecting humans. health or the economy. The NVS will:
(A) leverage, where appropriate, the mechanisms and infrastructure developed to manage, store, distribute and use the National Strategic Stockpile; and
(B) be leveraged in the development of vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics for the National Animal and Veterinary Vaccine Countermeasures Bank;
(ii) A National Plant Disease Recovery System (NPDRS) capable of responding to catastrophic plant disease with disease control measures and the use of resistant or tolerant plant material to sustain a reasonable level of production for economically important crops. The NPDRS will:
(A) use the genetic resources contained in the US National Plant Germplasm System, as well as the scientific capabilities of the Federation, SLTT, private industry, and agricultural academic research and extension systems; and
(B) include emergency planning for the use of disease control measures to prevent, slow, or stop the spread of a high-consequence plant disease, including the deployment of resistant or tolerant plant material and the appropriate use of pesticides.
(g) The Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in cooperation with the Attorney General, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall share information about available funding opportunities and available tools to assist with SLTT and the private sector. partners prepare for, mitigate, respond to, and recover from CBRN, cyber, or other threats that could lead to high-consequence and catastrophic events within the food and agriculture sector. (h) The Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in cooperation with the Secretary of Homeland Security and the heads of other relevant agencies, shall support the development, provision and promotion of: (i) as appropriate. higher education degrees, certifications, and vocational and other training to protect food and agriculture. Subject to availability of funds, these programs will provide capacity building grants to: (A) interdisciplinary degree, certificate, vocational, and other training programs for food sciences, agricultural sciences, medicine, veterinary medicine, epidemiology, microbiology, chemistry, engineering , mathematics (e.g. statistical modelling), biorisk management, cyber security, climatology, bioinformatics, and other disciplines as appropriate; and (B) provide, improve and update training programs in foreign animal diseases, epidemiology and public health, as well as develop new programs in the diagnosis and treatment of plant diseases, biosurveillance, laboratory biocontainment, consequence and emergency management , and protection against terrorist threats to the food and agricultural sector; (ii) for provide professional advice and specialized training in food, agriculture, biorisk management, and environmental protection, such as internships, fellowships, and other post-graduate opportunities for professional workforce needs; (iii) training for professionals in the food and agriculture sector through webinars, workshops, exercises, and other activities on topics related to CBRN, cyber security, and other threats that could lead to high-consequence and catastrophic events and their strategies mitigation; and (iv) symposiums, conferences, meetings, and other engagements to improve the preparedness and resilience of the food and agriculture sector. (i) The Attorney General, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the Secretary of Homeland Security, in cooperation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Interior, and the heads of other relevant agencies, shall carry out existing efforts regarding strengthen information sharing procedures to: (i) provide information regarding the discrimination, inspection, and identification of suspect food and agricultural items entering and within the United States, and the development of appropriate screening criteria and laboratory analysis of items to extend prohibited; and
(ii) improve threat assessments and the dissemination of actionable information by working with relevant partners in the Federal sector, SLTT and the private sector to develop and improve mechanisms that facilitate the sharing of information related to the security and resilience of the food and agriculture sector, including but not limited to. limited to activities and suspicious behavior that could endanger the physical or cyber security of the sector; nationally significant or reportable pests and diseases in livestock, poultry, fish, shellfish, wildlife, plants, and companion animals under their respective statutory and regulatory coverage; and epidemiological-relevant information. (j) The Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the heads of other relevant agencies, in cooperation with the Director of the Office of Science and Technology The policy will research and develop capabilities accelerate and expand existing and new to improve the security and resilience of the food and agriculture sector. These R&D efforts may lead to, but are not limited to, cyber security improvements; countermeasures, including vaccines and diagnostic capabilities; 648/2012 Text relevant to the EEA new methods and technologies to prevent and detect threats that could lead to high-impact and catastrophic events for the food and agriculture sector; agent characterization; dose response relationship; evidence-based biorisk management practices; validated decontamination technologies and strategies; waste management approaches for high impact agents; bear climate adaptation; disaster resilient food production methods; and real-time R&D capabilities to inform response measures and understand phenomena that only occur during high-consequence or catastrophic events. (k) The Secretary for Homeland Security shall lead: (i) cybersec 648/2012 Text relevant to the EEA to sponsor technical assistance efforts and support other interagency cyber activities, as appropriate, with infrastructure entities critical to the food and agriculture; (ii) in collaboration with the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the heads of other relevant agencies, refine and promote the identification and guidance of critical infrastructure workers in food and agriculture. sector to support jurisdictions and critical infrastructure owners in prioritizing essential workers to continue working safely and support ongoing operations during high-impact or catastrophic events; (iii) develop and facilitate a program to exercise and train partners in the Federal sector, SLTT, and the private sector and non-governmental organizations on their roles and responsibilities in preparing for and responding to threats to the food and agriculture sector for them, in coordination with and supported by the members. other relevant agencies as part of the National Practice Program and other opportunities to develop capacity; (iv) in coordination with the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Director of National Intelligence, and the heads of relevant agencies other: (A) enhance combined Federal and SLTT capabilities to rapidly and effectively detect, characterize, mitigate, respond to, and recover from high-consequence incidents affecting the food and agriculture sector; (B) conduct response activities in accordance with the National Response Framework and relevant annexes, including threat agent characterization, decontamination, clearance and waste management; (C) carrying out cover-up activities in accordance with the National Disaster Recovery Framework; and (D) enhance international engagement with foreign governments and international organizations to strengthen the security and resilience of the critical infrastructure of the food and agriculture sector, in protecting national security, health and economic security, in accordance with PPD-21; (v) in cooperation with the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, oversee centers of excellence in agriculture and food defense located in universities and funded by the Department of Homeland Security; and (vi) in cooperation with the Attorney General, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the heads of other relevant agencies: (A) develop, maintain and update a risk assessment, as appropriate, on the food and agriculture sector to provide information regarding the prioritization of subsequent activities and investments related to the activities required by subsections 3(c) and (d) of this memorandum; and (B) conduct annual outreach with SLTT and private sector partners to remove provisions nn to discuss the implementation of this memorandum. (l) The Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security, in conjunction with the heads of other relevant agencies, shall lead threat response activities (the Attorney General) and response to a national asset (the Secretary of Homeland Security) for Federal cyber security. incident response for the food and agriculture sector; and (ii) increase the amount, timeliness and quality of cyber threat information sharing with the food and agriculture sector, in accordance with Executive Order 13636 of 12 February 2013 (Improving Critical Infrastructure Cyber Security). (m) The Secretary of Defence, in accordance with the statutory priorities of the authority and national security:
(i) support the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the decisions of other relevant agencies regarding the preparedness, protection, defense and resilience of the food and agriculture sector when there is a high impact relating to it. or catastrophic events occur that affect its security and resilience; and (ii) providing support to civil authorities, at the request of other relevant agencies and when necessary, in relation to the security and resilience of the food and agriculture sector, including: (A) routines and emergencies, with -includes intentional incidents. related to animal diseases, the food supply, and other threats that may harm people, animals, plants, the environment, resources, property, institutions or the Nation’s economy; (B) technical assistance and training, epidemiology, surveillance and contact tracing, modeling, laboratory diagnostics, transportation and logistics, information sharing, public affairs and communications support, information technology and cyber security support, debris removal and disposal, cleaning, disinfection, sanitation, and field operations; and (C) coordination, planning and exercise activities, risk assessments including infrastructure emergency assessments, sampling, procurement of equipment and supplies, critical infrastructure and restoration of public facilities, and demolition and structural stabilization. (n) The Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall develop, maintain, and enhance capabilities to provide safe, secure and state-of-the-art facilities. state-of-the-art bioconservation laboratories that research and develop veterinary countermeasures for transboundary, emergent and zoonotic diseases, pests, and pathogens. Sec. 6. Budget. The Attorney General, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the heads of other relevant agencies shall request budget requirements for the continued implementation of this memorandum in their respective annual budget submissions to the Director. the Office of Management and Budget. Sec. 7. Definitions. As used in this memorandum: (a) “Agency” means any authority of the United States that is an “agency” under 44 U.S.C. 3502(1), other than those considered to be independent regulatory agencies, as defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(5). “Agency” also means any component of the Executive Office of the President. (b) “agriculture” means farming, including the cultivation and cultivation of soil; dairy; the production, cultivation, growth, and harvesting of any agricultural or horticultural commodity (including commodities defined as agricultural commodities in section 15(g) of the Agricultural Marketing Act, as amended (12 U.S.C. 1141j(f))); raising livestock, bees, fur-bearing animals, or poultry; and any practices (including any forestry or lumbering operations) carried out by a farmer or on a farm incidental to or in conjunction with such farming operations, including preparation for market and delivery to market, or to carriers for their – transport to the market. “agriculture” includes aquaculture (defined as the breeding, rearing and harvesting of fish, shellfish, algae, and other organisms in all types of water environments) and the practice and products of aquaponics, that is. the combination of fish and plant production using aquaculture and hydroponics systems. (c) “asset response activities” include providing technical assistance to affected entities to monetize their assets, mitigate vulnerabilities, and reduce the impacts of cyber incidents; identify other entities that may be at risk and assess their risk for the same or similar vulnerabilities; 648/2012 Text relevant to the EEA to assess potential risks for the sector or the region, including potential cascading effects, and to develop courses of action to mitigate these risks; facilitate information sharing and operational coordination to respond to threats; and provide guidance on how best to use the Federation’s resources and capabilities in a timely, effective manner to expedite recovery. (d) “Biocontainment” means the combination of physical design parameters and operational practices that protect personnel, the immediate work environment, and the public from exposure to biological agents. “Biocontainment” includes a combination of physical design parameters and operational practices that protect plants, animals and the environment from exposure to biological agents. (e) “Bio-risk” means the effect of uncertainty expressed through the combination of the consequences of an event (including changes in circumstances) and the probability of its occurrence, the source of harm being biological material. The damage can be caused by unintended exposure, release of moisture eg, loss, theft, misuse, diversion, unauthorized access, or deliberate unauthorized release. (f) “Biosurveillance” means the collection of necessary information and indications relating to threats of a pandemic or disease activity affecting human, animal, plant and environmental health, which monitoring, integration, interpretation and communication for early detection and early provision. to warn, to increase overall situational awareness of the health aspects of the incident, and to enable better decision-making at all levels. (g) “Catastrophic event” means any natural or man-made disaster that results in extraordinary levels of casualties or damage, mass evacuations, or disturbances that greatly affect the population, infrastructure, environment, e. conomy, national morale, or government functions in a field. A “catastrophic event” may include an event with a sustained national impact over a long period of time, an event that may exceed the resources available to SLTT and private sector authorities in the affected area, or an event that could significantly disrupt government operations and emergency services to the extent that national security could be threatened. (h) “Climate change” means a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (for example, by using statistical tests) through changes in the mean and/or variability of its properties, and which usually lasts for a long period of time decades or longer. “Climate change” refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity.
(i) “Critical infrastructure” means systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, that are so critical to the United States that they would have an adverse effect on national security, economic security, public health, or national safety the incapacitation or destruction of such systems and assets. , or any combination of those materials. (j) “Food” means articles used as food or drink for man or other animals, chewing gum, and articles used for components of any such article. (k) “Foreign animal disease” means a terrestrial or aquatic animal disease or pest not known to exist in the United States or its territories. (l) “Health” refers to the health of people, animals, plants and the environment. (m) “Risk assessment” is a product or process (where risk = threat x vulnerability x consequence) that collects information and assigns values to risks for the purposes of informing priorities, developing courses of action or to compare with each other, and to inform decision-making. “Risk assessment” includes evaluating information based on a set of criteria and should assess the risks associated with an entity, asset, system, network, geographic area or other grouping. (n) “Risk mitigation analysis” is an analysis that leverages information from risk assessments, together with information about programmatic capabilities, costs and benefits, to provide an evaluation of potential actions to mitigate risks from climate change, CBRN, cyber security and reduce other. threats that could lead to high-impact and catastrophic events. (o) “Sector Risk Management Agency” means a department or a Federal agency, designated by law or by direction of the President, responsible for providing institutional knowledge and specialized expertise in a sector, as well as directing, facilitating or supporting related programs and activities of the sector. its designated critical infrastructure sector in the all-hazards environment in Coo rination with the Department of Homeland Security. (p) “Threat assessment” means a product or process to identify or assess entities, activities, or occurrences, whether natural or man-made, that have the potential to harm life, information, your operations and/or your property or indicating them. (q) “Threat response activities” include conducting appropriate law enforcement and national security investigative activity at the location of the affected entity, collecting evidence and gathering information, providing attribution, linking related incidents, additional entities identify those affected, identify opportunities to pursue threats and opportunities for disruption; develop and execute courses of action to mitigate the immediate threat, and facilitate information sharing and operational coordination for asset response. (r) “veterinary agent” means any biological product (including an animal vaccine or animal diagnostic), pharmaceutical product (including a therapeutic product), non-pharmaceutical product (including a disinfectant), or other product or equipment for prevent, detect and respond to. , or harm to public health or animal health caused by alleviating animal pests or diseases. (s) “Vulnerability assessment” is a product or process to determine the physical features or characteristics of oi identify significant factors that make an entity, asset, system, network or geographic area susceptible or at risk of hazards. Sec. 8. Cancellation. This memorandum supersedes and rescinds the President’s Homeland Security Directive 9 of January 30, 2004 (Agricultural and Food Protection of the United States). Sec. 9. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to prejudice or otherwise affect: (i) the authority granted by law to, or to, an executive department or agency; or (ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget related to budgetary matters, administrative ive, or legislative proposals. (b) This memorandum shall be implemented in accordance with applicable law and subject to availability of appropriations. (c) This memorandum does not intend, and does not create, any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, its employees. , or agents, or anyone else.
JOSEPH R. BIDEN JR.
What is the three 3 elements of critical infrastructure?
Physical, Cyber and Human Elements The three elements of critical infrastructure (physical, cyber and human) are explicitly identified as being intertwined and should be integrated throughout the phases of the framework, as appropriate.
What are the three main categories of critical infrastructure? These identified several critical infrastructures and responsible agencies: Agriculture and Food – Department of Agriculture and Health and Human Services. Water â Environmental Protection Agency. Read also : Former US military pilot admits to acting as China’s paid agent and lying on national security forms. Public Health – Department of Health and Human Services.
What defines critical infrastructure?
Critical infrastructure describes the physical and cybersecurity systems and assets that are so critical to the United States that their failure or destruction would have a debilitating effect on our physical or economic security or on our public health or safety.
What are the parts of critical infrastructure?
Critical infrastructure includes the vast network of highways, connecting bridges and tunnels, railways, utilities and buildings necessary to maintain normal life in everyday life. See the article : United States Strongly Condemns Russian Missile Attack on Odessa – US Department of State. Transportation, commerce, clean water and electricity depend on these critical systems.
What are the four key critical infrastructures?
To illustrate dependencies among critical systems, let’s take a deeper look at some of the most universally important infrastructure sectors – Communications, Energy, Transport and Water. Read also : Assistant Attorney General for National Security Matthew G. Olsen Makes Comments on Malicious Plans in the United States on behalf of the Government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC).
What are the 5 types of security?
Cyber security can be categorized into five distinct types:
- Critical infrastructure security.
- Application security.
- Network security.
- Cloud security.
- Internet of Things (IoT) security.
What are the 3 types of security? There are three main areas or classifications of security controls. These include management security, operational security, and physical security controls.
What are the 5 elements of security?
The US Department of Defense announced the Five Pillars model for Information Assurance which includes the protection of confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity, and non-repudiation of user data.
What are the three 3 categories of threats to security?
In particular, these three common network security threats may be the most dangerous for enterprises: malware. ongoing threats to progress. distributed denial of service attacks.
What are the types of threats? Threats can be classified into four different categories; direct, indirect, veiled, conditional.
What is security threats and its types?
Save Article. Information Security threats can be many such as Software attacks, intellectual property theft, identity theft, equipment or information theft, sabotage, and information extortion.
